Introduction, Functions and Classification Of Operations system

1. Introduction, Functions, and Classification

Introduction, Functions, and Classification of Operations system

• Introduction

   Using a Computer system without system software is baseless. System software helps users to interact with hardware. The role of the operating system as system software is o complement the hardware by providing a layer of services that manages the resources of the hardware and permits the users to drive the system.

   In simple words, the operating system is an interface between and hardware. It is a program that makes the computer easier to use.

• Functions of Operating System:-

   1. Process Management:- The main objective of the process management module is to manage processes, synchronize the activities among processes, and to minimize the idle time of processors.

   2. Memory Management:- Allocation and Deallocation of memory are done for the various processes by this module.

   3. File Management:- All the file related activities are managed by file management module i.e. organizing, storing, retrieval, sharing, and security of files.

   4. Command Interpretation:- This module interprets the commands and direct system resource to process the commands.

   5. Security of Resources:- This Module helps to protect the resources and data of computers from unauthorized access.

• Operating System can be classified in following five Categories:

   (1) Batch Systems

   (2) Interactive systems

   (3) Real-Time Systems

   (4) Hybrid Systems

   (5) Embedded Systems

   (1) Batch Systems: Batch systems are the oldest systems. In this punch cards or tapes were used for input when a job was entered by assembling the cards into a deck and running the entire deck of cards through a card reader as a group known as Batch. The Number of jobs completed in a given amount of time is known is throughput.

   (2) Interactive systems: Interactive System is also known as time-sharing systems. The operating system required the development of time-sharing software, which allows each user to interact directly with the computer system via commands entered from a typewriter-like terminal.

   (3) Real-Time Systems: Real-time systems are the fastest systems where data must be processed extremely fast on the basis of immediate decisions. They are used in a time-critical environment.

   (4) Hybrid Systems: Hybrid Systems are a combination of Batch and Interactive systems. In these systems, users can access the system via terminals and get a fast response but in the background, system accepts and runs batch programs.

   (5) Embedded Systems: Embedded systems are computers placed inside other products to add features and capabilities. For example, computers used in digital music players, household appliances, automobiles, etc.